Stuttgart-Weilimdorf
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(*) "Roter Kristall" ist nur die umgangssprachliche, aber weitgehend akzeptierte Bezeichnung des Symbols. Offiziell wird es Zeichen des dritten Zusatzprotokolls genannt. Das englische Kürzel "RC" steht gleichermaßen für "Red Cross", "Red Crescent" und "Red Crystal".
Diese Symbole garantieren allen Konfliktparteien, dass es sich um neutrale und unbewaffnete humanitäre Helfer handelt - einschließlich deren Gebäude, Fahrzeuge und Material.
Die missbräuchliche Nutzung des Symbols oder des Schriftzuges steht nach deutschem Recht unter Strafe (§ 125 OwiG). Dies gilt auch für Symbole, welche zum Verwechseln ähnlich sehen. Die heimtückische Verwendung dieser Symbole zur Tarnung von Kämpfenden oder von Kriegsmaterial ist ein Kriegsverbrechen.
Das Schutzzeichen zeigt nur das rote Kreuz oder den roten Halbmond oder den roten Kristall auf weißem Grund. Es wird großflächig gezeigt, damit es auf große Entfernung erkannt werden kann. Es wird meist nur im Konfliktfall verwendet - bei den Sanitätseinheiten der Streitkräfte und von Militärkrankenhäusern auch zu Friedenszeiten. Im Konfliktfall dürfen diese Symbole als Schutzzeichen außerdem von anderen, berechtigten Hilfsorganisationen und von zivilen Krankenhäusern genutzt werden.
In Friedenszeiten wird im Allgemeinen das kleinflächige Kennzeichen verwendet. Es enthält zum
Symbol auch einen Schriftzug, welcher auf die nationale Gesellschaft oder deren
Unterorganisation hinweist. Es kann in verschiedenen Varianten existieren:
Joint press release: 8 December 2005 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement today welcomed the decision of the Diplomatic Conference held in Geneva to adopt a Third Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions, creating an additional emblem alongside the red cross and red crescent. The additional emblem, known as the red crystal, will provide a comprehensive and lasting solution to the emblem question. It will appear as a red frame in the shape of a square on edge, on a white background, and is free from any religious, political or other connotation. The Movement is grateful to the Government of Switzerland, as the depositary State to the Geneva Conventions, for its unfailing commitment to guide the process which has led to the adoption and signing of the Third Additional Protocol. The signing of an agreement between the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and the Magen David Adom (MDA) on 28 November, also contributed to the successful outcome of the Conference by defining operational arrangements that will enhance these Societies' cooperation when carrying out their humanitarian mandate. The signing of the Third Additional Protocol marks the end of the diplomatic process, and it is now the responsibility of the Movement to adapt its rules and procedures to the new situation. Following the adoption of the Protocol, the Standing Commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent has decided to call an International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, in 2006. The Conference brings together those States that are party to the Geneva Conventions, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the 183 member Societies of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Conference will be asked to amend the statutes of the Movement, to take into account the creation of the new emblem, in order to realize the objective of universality.
22-06-2006 Press Release 06/65 International conference paves the way for red crystal The 29th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent has amended the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to incorporate the additional emblem of the red crystal, which now has the same status as the red cross and red crescent. In addition the participants to the International Conference requested that the ICRC and the International Federation recognize and admit the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) into the Movement. As a consequence of this successful outcome the ICRC has now recognized the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) and the Israeli National Society, Magen David Adom (MDA), and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies will admit both National Societies. This outcome extends the universality of the Movement to an important area of Red Cross and Red Crescent operations and strengthens the operational cooperation of the two National Societies with each other and with their international partners in the Movement. The Conference had been convened as a follow-up to the diplomatic conference of States in December 2005, which adopted the Third Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions, creating an additional protective emblem for the Movement, known as the red crystal. The chairman of the International Conference Mohammed Al Hadid declared that: ‘‘This is an historical moment for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. We urge all governments to respect the red crystal, in addition to the red cross and the red crescent’’. The acceptance by States party to the Geneva Conventions of the Movement’s amended Statutes also means that National Societies can benefit from the flexibility afforded by the Third Additional Protocol in the use of the red crystal or of a combination of emblems recognized by the Conventions. The use of the red crystal will also provide additional protection to war victims and humanitarian workers in conflict situations where the red cross or the red crescent cannot be used. The ICRC, the International Federation and the National Societies might use the red crystal temporarily and in exceptional circumstances. However no State or National Society is obliged to make any change to the emblem it uses. The ICRC and the International Federation will not change their respective names and emblems. The International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent brings together representatives of the national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, the International Federation and the ICRC, with representatives of the States that are party to the Geneva Convention. In total 178 National Societies attended and 148 States.
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